Participant selection process for (A) the SENSIBLE study and (B) the SENSIBLE-Addition study. *indicates missing information for age, BMI, WC, smoking, glycemic biomarkers, and lipid profiles; ^†Outliers indicate data >99th percentile or <1st percentile of the dataset; ^‡Data for these individuals were randomly split into the exploration dataset (70% of the sample) and the internal validation dataset (the remaining 30%).

Abbreviations: SENSIBLE, Study on Evaluation of iNnovated Screening tools and determInation of optimal diagnostic cut-off points for type 2 diaBetes in Chinese muLti-Ethnic; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference.