Fig. 1. Bias is the difference between the target/reference value and the mean value of repeated measurements of the sample. (A) The estimation of bias requires two main components: (1) reference quantity or assigned value and (2) replicate measurements of the quantity. (B) If the reference quantity value is not available, an assigned value can be used to estimate the bias.

Ann Lab Med 2024;44:6~20 https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2024.44.1.6