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Table. 1. Baseline characteristics of the study participants and their outcome parameters
Variables Total (N=11,502) Normal-RDW group (N=8,209) Elevated-RDW group (N=3,293) P
Age (yrs) 68.8±12.6 67.7±12.2 71.6±12.9 <0.001
BMI (kg/m2) 29.7±6.2 29.6±5.8 30.1±7.0 <0.001
Male, N (%) 7,782 (67.7) 5,838 (71.1) 1944 (59) <0.001
MI, N (%) 4,001 (34.8) 2,792 (34) 1,209 (36.7) 0.006
CHF, N (%) 3,936 (34.2) 2,165 (26.4) 1,771 (53.8) <0.001
CVD, N (%) 1,168 (10.2) 733 (8.9) 435 (13.2) <0.001
CPD, N (%) 2,619 (22.8) 1,548 (18.9) 1,071 (32.5) <0.001
DM, N (%) 1,108 (9.6) 655 (8) 453 (13.8) <0.001
Renal disease, N (%) 2,161 (18.8) 1,047 (12.8) 1,114 (33.8) <0.001
Liver disease, N (%) 72 (0.6) 15 (0.2) 57 (1.7) <0.001
Sepsis, N (%) 5,640 (49.0) 3,900 (47.5) 1,740 (52.8) <0.001
AKI, N (%) 6,150 (53.5) 4,153 (50.6) 1,997 (60.6) <0.001
Mortality, N (%) 485 (4.2) 197 (2.4) 288 (8.7) <0.001
HR (bpm) 96.8±16.8 96.5±16.0 97.8±18.5 <0.001
MAP (mmHg) 57.7±10.5 58.4±10.1 56.0±11.0 <0.001
RR (bpm) 26.9±5.7 26.8±5.6 27.4±5.9 <0.001
SpO2 (%) 92.4±5.2 92.6±5.1 92.0±5.4 <0.001
Hb (g/L) 98±20 101±20 92±19 <0.001
PLT (×109/L) 159.6±72.4 156.1±64.9 168.4±87.8 <0.001
K (mmol/L) 4.6±0.6 4.6±0.6 4.7±0.7 <0.001
P/F (mmHg) 210.5±95.3 213.4±92.8 201.9±101.8 <0.001
GLU (mg/dL) 144.3±69.1 140.7±62.5 153.2±82.6 <0.001
WBCs (×109/L) 14.0 (10.6, 18.2) 14.2 (10.9, 18.2) 13.3 (9.7, 18.1) <0.001
BUN (mg/dL) 18.0 (14.0, 25.0) 17.0 (14.0, 22.0) 23.0 (17.0, 34.5) <0.001
CR (mg/dL) 1.0 (0.8, 1.3) 0.9 (0.8, 1.2) 1.2 (0.9, 1.7) <0.001
LAC (mmol/L) 2.5 (1.9, 3.4) 2.4 (1.9, 3.2) 2.6 (1.9, 3.8) <0.001
BE (mmol/L) −3.0 (−5.0, −1.0) −3.0 (−5.0, −1.0) −3.0 (−6.0, −1.0) <0.001
SOFA score 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) 4.0 (3.0, 6.0) 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) <0.001
SAPS II 35.9±12.4 34.6±12.0 39.3±12.8 <0.001
CCI 5.4±2.4 5.0±2.1 6.7±2.5 <0.001
GCS 13.0±3.6 13.2±3.5 12.7±3.8 <0.001
Los in hospital (days) 6.8 (4.8, 10.0) 6.2 (4.6, 9.1) 8.2 (5.4, 13.0) <0.001
Los in ICU (days) 1.9 (1.2, 3.2) 1.6 (1.2, 3.0) 2.3 (1.3, 4.2) <0.001

Data were presented as mean±SD or median (first quartile, third quartile) based on their distribution.

Abbreviations: RDW, red blood cell distribution width; BMI, body–mass index; MI, myocardial infarction; CHF, congestive heart failure; CVD, cerebrovascular disease; CPD, chronic pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus (with complications); CCI, Charlson comorbidity index; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II; HR, heart rate; bpm, beats/min; MAP, mean artery pressure; RR, respiratory rate; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation; Hb, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet; WBC, white blood cell; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CR, creatinine; GLU, glucose; K, potassium; LAC, lactate; P/F, partial pressure of oxygen: fraction of inspired oxygen ratio; BE, base excess; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; AKI, acute kidney injury; Los, length of stay; ICU, Intensive care unit.

Ann Lab Med 2024;44:401~409 https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2023.0345

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