Fig. 3. Assessing the commutability of reference materials (RMs) across five analytical systems for determining alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) concentrations, based on the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine [16] (IFCC) method. (A) Roche assay results – Abbott assay results. (B) Roche assay – Beckman assay. (C) Roche assay – Mindray assay. (D) Roche assay – Autolumo assay. (E) Abbott assay – Beckman assay. (F) Abbott assay – Mindray assay. (G) Abbott assay – Autolumo assay. (H) Beckman assay – Autolumo assay. (I) Beckman assay – Mindray assay. (J) Autolumo assay – Mindray assay. The bias of the logarithm ln (loge) of the concentrations measured with two measuring systems is shown in each case. The purple diamonds represent the six Beijing Center for Clinical Laboratories (BCCL) Can-RMs. The black circles represent the clinical samples (CSs). The error bars indicate the uncertainty of the difference in bias between each BCCL Can-RM and diluted WHO standard and the average bias for the CSs. The solid gray line is the bias-for-the-clinical sample (BCS) line, which represents the mean bias for all CSs. The red dashed lines (C lines) indicate the maximum allowable commutability-related bias (i.e., the commutability criterion [C]).