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Table. 2.
Data model for digital representation of laboratory test results as proposed by SHIELD
Test data element Standardized ontology
Test information Test ordered LOINC to identify the test ordered
Test performed LOINC to identify the test performed
Specimen information Specimen type SNOMED CT at minimum
Specimen source SNOMED CT
Specimen collection method SNOMED CT
Results Quantitative Needs to include units of measure with UCUM preferred
Qualitative SNOMED CT
Methodology Test kit identification Device identifier
Instrument identification Device identifier

Abbreviations: SHIELD, Systemic Harmonization and Interoperability Enhancement for Laboratory Data; LOINC, Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes; SOMED CT, Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine – Clinical Terms; UCUM, Unified Codes for Units of Measure.

Ann Lab Med 2025;45:12~21 https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2024.0323

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