Table. 1.

Table 1 Comprehensive overview of viral-based genetic engineering of CAR-NK cells

Molecular target	Malignancy	Intracellular signal domain	Source	Method	Reference
CD70, CD19	B-cell lymphoma	4-1BB, CD3ζ IL-15	CB-NK	Lentiviral	[89]
CD33	Acute myeloid leukemia	4-1BB/CD137, CD3ζ	PB-NK	Lentiviral	[63]
CD19	B-cell lymphoma	4-1BB-CD3ζ	NK-92	Lentiviral	[90]
GPC3	Hepatocellular carcinoma	CD28, 4-1BB, CD3ζ/2B4, DAP10, CD3ζ	NK-92	Lentiviral	[91]
cMET	Cholangiocarcinoma	CD28-41BB-CD3ζ	NK-92	Lentiviral	[94]
CD276	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	4-1BB-CD3ζ	iPSC-NK	Lentiviral	[64]
ErbB2 (HER2)	Metastatic rhabdomyosarcoma	CD28-CD3ζ	NK-92	Lentiviral	[95]
GD2	Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas	4-1BB-CD3ζ	NK-92	Lentiviral	[69]
HER2, sPD-1	Breast cancer	CD28-CD3ζ	NK-92	Lentiviral	[98]
Mesothelin	Triple-negative breast cancer	4-1BB-CD3ζ	iPSC-NK	Lentiviral	[100]
CD19	ALL, Burkitt’s lymphoma	CD28, 4-1BB-CD3ζ	iPSC-NK	Lentiviral	[89]
CD22	Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma	4-1BB-CD3ζ	iPSC-NK	Lentiviral	[63]
DLL3	Small cell lung cancer	2B4-CD3ζ	NK-92	Lentiviral	[91]
NKG2D	Multiple myeloma	NKG2D-4-1BB-CD3z-CAR	PB-NK	Lentiviral	[92]
CD70	Lymphoma, multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer	CD28-CD3ζ	CB-NK	Retroviral	[93]
CD19	Lymphoblastoid tumor	CD28	PB-NK	Retroviral	[94]
CD123	Acute myeloid leukemia	4-1BB-CD3ζ	PB-NK	Retroviral	[96]
EGFR	Glioblastoma	CD28-CD3ζ	PB-NK	Retroviral	[11]

Abbreviations: NK, natural killer; CAR, chimeric antigen receptor; CB, cord blood; PB, peripheral blood; iPSC, induced-pluripotent stem cells; cMET, mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor; EGFR, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor.

Ann Lab Med 2025;45:146~159 https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2024.0380