Human Platelet Antigen Datasets for Malays, Chinese, and Indians in Peninsular Malaysia

Che Ghazali Norul Hajar; M.DSc.; Zulkifli Zefarina; M.D.; M.Path.; Nor Suhaila Md. Riffin; M.D.; M.Path.; Tuan Hulwani Tuan Mohammad; M.D.; M.Path.; Mohd Nazri Hassan; M.D.; M.Path.; Ameer Mohamed Dafalla; Ph.D.; Gehad ElGhazali; M.D.; M.Path.; Geoffrey Keith Chambers; Ph.D.; and Hisham Atan Edinur; Ph.D.

doi:10.3343/alm.2020.40.6.493

Article

Letter to the Editor

Ann Lab Med 2020; 40(6): 493-499

Published online November 1, 2020 https://doi.org/10.3343/alm.2020.40.6.493

Human Platelet Antigen Datasets for Malays, Chinese, and Indians in Peninsular Malaysia

Che Ghazali Norul Hajar, M.DSc.¹, Zulkifli Zefarina, M.D., M.Path.², Nor Suhaila Md. Riffin, M.D., M.Path.³, Tuan Hulwani Tuan Mohammad, M.D., M.Path.⁴, Mohd Nazri Hassan, M.D., M.Path.², Ameer Mohamed Dafalla, Ph.D.⁵, Gehad ElGhazali, M.D., M.Path.⁶, Geoffrey Keith Chambers, Ph.D.⁷ , and Hisham Atan Edinur, Ph.D.¹

¹School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Health Campus, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; ²Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia; ³Hospital Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah, Temerloh, Pahang, Malaysia; ⁴Hospital Seberang Jaya, Perai, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; ⁵HLA Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, University of Gezira, Wad Medani, Sudan; ⁶Department of Immunology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Services, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; ⁷School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand

Correspondence to: Hisham Atan Edinur, Ph.D.
School of Health Sciences Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Tel: +60 9-7677641, Fax: +60 9-7677515, E-mail: edinur@usm.my

Received: January 31, 2020; Revised: March 7, 2020; Accepted: May 21, 2020

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Table
References

Table 1

HPA allele frequency distribution in the present and previous studies

Population	(N)	1a	1b	2a	2b	3a	3b	4a	4b	5a	5b	6a	6b	15a	15b
Malays (present study)	97	0.985	0.015	0.969	0.031	0.510	0.490	1.000	0.000	0.990	0.010	0.990	0.010	0.479	0.521
Chinese (present study)	77	1.000	0.000	0.980	0.020	0.591	0.410	1.000	0.000	0.987	0.013	0.994	0.006	0.526	0.474
Indians (present study)	47	0.979	0.021	0.969	0.031	0.521	0.479	1.000	0.000	0.959	0.041	0.990	0.010	0.375	0.625
Banjar [3]	30	1.000	0.000	0.950	0.050	0.616	0.384	0.950	0.050	0.950	0.050	0.980	0.020	0.480	0.520
Bugis [3]	37	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.554	0.446	1.000	0.000	0.950	0.050	0.910	0.090	0.620	0.380
Champa [3]	51	0.980	0.020	0.970	0.030	0.677	0.323	1.000	0.000	0.990	0.010	0.980	0.090	0.480	0.520
Jawa [3]	39	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.628	0.372	1.000	0.000	0.960	0.040	1.000	0.000	0.450	0.550
Kelantan [3]	35	1.000	0.000	0.940	0.060	0.571	0.429	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.990	0.010	0.490	0.510
Orang Kanaq [4]	11	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.818	0.182	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.909	0.091
Batek [4]	27	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.500	0.500	1.000	0.000	0.852	0.148	1.000	0.000	0.000	1.000
Lanoh [4]	25	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.640	0.360	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.260	0.740
Kensiu [4]	36	0.958	0.042	1.000	0.000	0.875	0.125	1.000	0.000	0.847	0.153	1.000	0.000	0.361	0.639
Che Wong [4]	26	1.000	0.000	1.000	0.000	0.423	0.577	1.000	0.000	0.788	0.212	1.000	0.000	0.500	0.500
Semai [4]	40	0.988	0.012	1.000	0.000	0.671	0.329	1.000	0.000	0.890	0.110	1.000	0.000	0.524	0.476
Malays [6]	200	0.975	0.025	0.963	0.037	0.503	0.497	0.995	0.005	0.950	0.050	0.993	0.007	0.515	0.485
Chinese [6]	200	1.000	0.000	0.967	0.033	0.573	0.427	0.998	0.002	0.983	0.017	0.983	0.017	0.498	0.502
Indians [6]	200	0.885	0.115	0.960	0.040	0.620	0.380	0.995	0.005	0.940	0.060	0.995	0.005	0.408	0.592

Table 2A

Homogeneity between pairs of population groups in Peninsular Malaysia

	HPA-1

	Malays†	Chinese†	Indians†	Banjar [3]	Bugis [3]	Champa [3]	Jawa [3]	Kelantan [3]	O. K. [4]	Batek [4]	Lanoh [4]	Kensiu [4]	C. W. [4]	Semai [4]	Malays [6]	Chinese [6]	Indians [6]
Malays†	*	0.257	NA	NA	0.558	NA	0.557	0.568	NA	NA	NA	0.340	NA	NA	NA	NA	<0.000
Chinese†	0.088	*	0.145	NA	NA	0.158	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.032	NA	0.344	NA	NA	<0.000
Indians†	1.000	0.294	*	0.520	0.501	NA	0.499	0.507	NA	0.534	0.544	0.650	0.538	NA	NA	NA	0.004
Banjar [3]	0.441	0.063	0.669	*	NA	0.530	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.241	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.003
Bugis [3]	0.184	1.000	0.254	0.085	*	0.508	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.114	NA	NA	NA	NA	<0.000
Champa [3]	0.209	1.000	0.349	0.193	1.000	*	0.504	0.516	NA	0.539	NA	0.645	0.545	NA	NA	NA	0.003
Jawa [3]	0.183	1.000	0.249	0.076	NA	1.000	*	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.108	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.001
Kelantan [3]	0.453	0.034	0.450	1.000	0.052	0.160	0.046	*	NA	NA	NA	0.239	NA	NA	NA	NA	<0.000
O. K. [4]	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.551	NA	1.000	NA	0.557	*	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.162
Batek [4]	0.340	1.000	0.546	0.239	NA	1.000	NA	0.127	NA	*	NA	0.252	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.004
Lanoh [4]	0.343	1.000	0.545	0.241	NA	1.000	NA	0.135	NA	NA	*	0.263	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.008
Kensiu [4]	0.190	1.000	0.255	0.088	NA	1.000	NA	0.052	NA	NA	NA	*	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.159
C.W [4]	0.338	1.000	0.255	0.242	NA	1.000	NA	0.131	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	NA	NA	NA	0.005
Semai [4]	0.178	1.000	0.249	0.076	NA	1.000	NA	0.043	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	NA	NA	0.004
Malays [6]	0.812	0.035	1.000	0.713	NA	0.079	NA	0.498	0.623	0.223	0.386	0.139	0.230	0.086	*	NA	<0.000
Chinese [6]	0.857	0.200	0.782	0.492	0.343	0.272	0.352	0.360	0.705	0.439	0.660	0.662	0.350	0.543	0.857	*	<0.000
Indians [6]	1.000	0.106	1.000	0.542	0.269	0.196	0.280	0.426	0.641	0.459	0.438	0.271	0.459	0.277	1.000	0.836	*
HPA-2

Table 2B

	HPA-3

	Malays†	Chinese†	Indians†	Banjar [3]	Bugis [3]	Champa [3]	Jawa [3]	Kelantan [3]	O. K. [4]	Batek [4]	Lanoh [4]	Kensiu [4]	C. W. [4]	Semai [4]	Malays [6]	Chinese [6]	Indians [6]
Malays†	*	0.132	0.251	0.186	<0.001	0.002	0.116	0.600	0.016	0.871	0.038	<0.001	0.419	0.016	0.711	0.190	0.018
Chinese†	NA	*	0.522	0.960	<0.001	0.263	0.899	0.891	0.192	0.193	0.467	<0.001	0.048	0.376	0.136	0.872	0.784
Indians†	NA	NA	*	0.584	0.019	0.130	0.402	0.526	0.060	0.236	0.381	<0.001	0.139	0.376	0.434	0.388	0.297
Banjar [3]	0.013	0.019	0.075	*	0.014	0.638	1.000	0.804	0.332	0.206	0.722	0.003	0.063	0.675	0.239	0.761	0.297
Bugis [3]	NA	NA	NA	0.085	*	0.025	0.006	0.001	0.016	<0.001	0.160	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	0.955
Champa [3]	NA	NA	NA	0.047	NA	*	0.602	0.186	0.572	0.014	0.900	0.012	0.003	0.590	0.001	0.060	0.009
Jawa [3]	NA	NA	NA	0.077	NA	NA	*	0.700	0.346	0.15	0.661	0.002	0.038	0.743	0.105	0.658	0.099
Kelantan [3]	NA	NA	NA	0.095	NA	NA	NA	*	0.105	0.605	0.337	<0.001	0.172	0.348	0.554	0.969	0.964
O. K. [4]	NA	NA	NA	0.551	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	0.025	0.373	0.467	0.003	0.672	0.008	0.101	0.694
Batek [4]	NA	NA	NA	0.238	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	0.050	<0.001	0.667	0.048	0.630	0.280	0.216
Lanoh [4]	NA	NA	NA	0.240	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	0.009	0.015	0.448	0.056	0.257	0.279
Kensiu [4]	NA	NA	NA	0.089	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	<0.001	0.020	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
C.W [4]	NA	NA	NA	0.242	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	0.006	0.341	0.069	0.009
Semai [4]	NA	NA	NA	0.073	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	0.008	0.184	0.523
Malays [6]	NA	NA	NA	0.002	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	0.127	0.009
Chinese [6]	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.368	*	0.396
Indians [6]	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.368		*
HPA-4

Table 2C

	HPA-5

	Malays†	Chinese†	Indians†	Banjar [3]	Bugis [3]	Champa [3]	Jawa [3]	Kelantan [3]	O. K. [4]	Batek [4]	Lanoh [4]	Kensiu [4]	C. W. [4]	Semai [4]	Malays [6]	Chinese [6]	Indians [6]
Malays†	*	1.000	0.093	1.000	0.049	1.000	0.142	1.000	1.000	<0.001	<0.001	1.000	<0.001	1.000	0.723	0.723	0.008
Chinese†	1.000	*	0.200	1.000	0.088	1.000	0.333	1.000	1.000	<0.001	<0.001	1.000	<0.001	0.546	1.000	1.000	0.038
Indians†	1.000	1.000	*	0.154	0.723	0.193	1.000	0.134	1.000	0.023	0.010	0.292	0.003	0.125	0.233	0.229	0.834
Banjar [3]	0.556	0.484	1.000	*	0.122	1.000	0.254	NA	NA	0.001	<0.001	NA	<0.001	NA	0.596	0.598	0.203
Bugis [3]	0.001	0.001	0.018	0.068	*	0.158	0.709	0.116	0.559	0.099	0.045	0.140	0.012	0.049	0.071	0.071	1.000
Champa [3]	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.009	*	0.318	1.000	1.000	<0.001	<0.001	1.000	<0.001	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.098
Jawa [3]	0.143	0.109	0.321	0.628	0.190	0.312	*	0.241	1.000	0.042	0.018	0.271	0.004	0.115	0.214	0.212	0.813
Kelantan [3]	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.459	0.011	1.000	0.240	*	NA	<0.001	<0.001	NA	<0.001	NA	0.597	0.595	0.093
O. K. [4]	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.177	1.000	1.000	NA	*	0.074	NA	0.046	0.018	NA	1.000	1.000	0.635
Batek [4]	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.016	1.000	0.267	NA	NA	*	0.004	1.000	0.568	<0.001	<0.001	<0.000	0.028
Lanoh [4]	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.036	1.000	0.275	NA	NA	NA	*	0.001	<0.001	NA	1.000	1.000	0.242
Kensiu [4]	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.455	0.010	1.000	0.241	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	0.589	<0.001	<0.001	<0.000	0.013
C.W [4]	1.000	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.035	1.000	0.265	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	<0.001	<0.001	<0.000	0.002
Semai [4]	1.000	1.000	1.000	0.428	0.004	1.000	0.113	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	0.604	0.601	0.295
Malays [6]	0.722	0.448	1.000	1.000	0.002	1.000	0.211	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	*	1.000	0.003
Chinese [6]	0.724	0.450	1.000	1.000	0.002	1.000	0.210	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	1.000	*	0.003
Indians [6]	0.602	1.000	0.474	0.344	<0.001	0.492	0.032	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	0.169	0.175	*
HPA-6

Table 2D

	HPA-15

	Malays†	Chinese†	Indians†	Banjar [3]	Bugis [3]	Champa [3]	Jawa [3]	Kelantan [3]	O. K. [4]	Batek [4]	Lanoh [4]	Kensiu [4]	C. W. [4]	Semai [4]	Malays [6]	Chinese [6]	Indians [6]
Malays†	*	0.503	0.217	0.087	0.049	0.407	0.732	0.007	<0.001	<0.001	0.019	0.144	0.013	0.255	0.687	0.904	0.176
Chinese†	*	*	0.033	0.022	0.065	0.127	0.521	0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	0.047	0.070	0.091	0.723	0.638	0.012
Indians†	*	*	*	0.120	0.007	0.308	0.375	0.029	<0.001	<0.001	0.443	0.606	0.003	0.147	0.041	0.070	0.866
Banjar [3]	*	*	*	*	0.300	0.626	0.046	0.862	0.013	<0.001	0.080	0.020	<0.001	0.794	0.050	0.049	0.109
Bugis [3]	*	*	*	*	*	0.260	0.031	0.116	0.080	<0.001	0.002	0.003	<0.001	0.475	0.077	0.045	0.004
Champa [3]	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.247	0.227	0.002	<0.001	0.063	0.082	<0.001	0.862	0.240	0.257	0.340
Jawa [3]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.006	<0.001	<0.001	0.057	0.541	0.089	0.110	0.448	0.603	0.309
Kelantan [3]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.013	<0.001	0.031	0.003	<0.001	0.428	0.002	0.603	0.011
O. K. [4]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Batek [4]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Lanoh [4]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.352	<0.001	0.033	0.002	0.003	0.183
Kensiu [4]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.026	0.030	0.037	0.066	0.323
C.W [4]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	<0.001	0.010	0.009	0.001
Semai [4]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.188	0.172	0.136
Malays [6]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.875	0.006
Chinese [6]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	0.014
Indians [6]	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*	*

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